Auto Reck Essays - Emergency Medical Services, Guggenheim Fellows

Auto Reck Auto Wreck By Karl Shapiro In today's congested society, automobile accidents are an often sight that most people don't even blink an eye at. During the time of World War II, I am almost positive that even the slightest accident would turn heads considering the level of technological advancement in the automotive and medical fields were nowhere near where they are today. In his poem Auto Wreck, Shapiro has taken a personal experience from some point in his own life, and has described it for us. This poem is very highly organized into sections by what is going on in the accident scene. The first stanza of this poem is very descriptive of an ambulance coming to the rescue of crash victims, just as an angel is said to come for the recently deceased. The soft silver bell beating could be related to either the ambulance or the angel, however we do not usually think of an ambulance as being soft. The silver bells remind me of the Christmas carol, Silver Bells, which speaks of angels in its text. Shapiro however only mentions the bells, as in the angels, once. Shapiro is extremely good at creating images in are heads with lines like, The ambulance at top speed floating down past beacons and illuminated clocks, which I see as the ambulance speeding through a lit up commercial area with glowing signs and billboards, and other such things found on the side of a busy road. Once the ambulance reaches the scene of the accident, the doors leap open releasing a light of hope upon the mangled. These victims, like in the movies are quickly placed on the stretchers and put in the b ack of the ambulance. Shapiro calls the ambulance a little hospital trying to show their importance in aiding the wounded. Lifting the silence, tolls the bell as the ambulance with its terrible cargo rocking, moves away, as the doors, an afterthought, are closed. This line is not only showing how quick the medics are working, but also their level of concentration and order of priorities. Because of their movement in the back of the ambulance they do not even think to close the doors until the little hospital is already moving. As the Ambulance moves away from the scene with the severely injured, the uninjured or minimally injured people walk among the cops, Shapiro states, describing every action that the police are taking. One police officer is making notes, one is cleaning blood, and one is hanging lights on the wrecked sheet metal that was once a recognizable automobile. Shapiro refers to the mangled cars as empty husks of locust, to iron poles, which as you know, locust leave a perfect shell of their body whey they die, which can crumble into many pieces. As there are at many accident sites, bystanders are looking onto this gruesome scene. They cannot believe what they are seeing and yet, cannot seem to leave. In this third stanza, as the traffic slowly moves around this accident, I can picture every head turning to gawk at the scene in awe of its sick beauty, just as people do today. As every one looks on, their greatest fear is if it ever happened to me? We all think that, no matter what the case may be. Shapiro has recognized certain reaction patterns of society with this poem and jumbled them all together and put them on paper, along with the most common societal horror, an auto wreck. Shapiro questions death, as to who dies next and for what reason. He looks for a type of meaning for death; stating War is done by the hands, which I think, involves a level of intent. Suicide he says has cause, and still birth is logical because a stillborn baby would have had a terrible life of disease or disfiguration. Jumping back to the car accident, Shapiro implies fate or just a freak accident. He spends the last stanza looking for some sort of resolution to his curiosity about death, but does not succeed. He creates a magnificent type of imagery, which played in my mind like a famous movie. He also used a level of symbolism uncommon to myself,

How revolutionary was the American war Essay Essay Example

How revolutionary was the American war Essay Essay Example How revolutionary was the American war Essay Essay How revolutionary was the American war Essay Essay Essay Topic: Revolutionary Road The American war of independency was besides known as the American revolutionary war. This war was fought between the American settlements and England. The war itself started with the conflict of Lexington and Concord. It started when some soldiers of the British ground forces arrived in Lexington. Massachusetts. Over at that place. they fired at the colonial reserves which it was a group of husbandmans. male childs every bit good as old work forces. Then on the undermentioned twenty-four hours they headed to Concord and over at that place they killed some Americans. Therefore. this was the first battle of conflict of the radical war. The broader sense of the revolution began when parliament started to enforce Torahs and ordinances to the settlements. For case. After the Gallic and Indian war was over. Britain turned its attending to the settlements. They restricted the settlements to merchandise with other states. Therefore trough the pilotage act the settlements were allowed to merchandise merely with England. So goods such as sugar. baccy. and cotton that were produced in the settlements could merely be exported to British ports. Indeed. these regulations and ordinances ended up curtailing the colonist’s life and freedom Other Torahs that they impose on the settlements included revenue enhancements. Since the Gallic and Indian war had put England in a batch of debt. they decided to raise the revenue enhancements. Then In 1764. England passed the Sugar Act. which was used to raise money from the settlements. Furthermore. â€Å"The Stamp Act passed by England in 1765. located revenue enhancements on mundane points such as newspapers. legal paperss. and even playing cards† ( Divine 135 ) . Furthermore. England did non even see the ideas of the Americans when they tried to hold soldiers enforce British revenue enhancements and Acts of the Apostless. The settlers felt that they were treated below the belt so they called for a meeting to protest the revenue enhancement. So. representatives from nine out of the 13 settlements came to this meeting. â€Å"The settlers drafted requests to parliament that declared no revenue enhancements should be imposed on them. but with their ain consent. given perso nally. or by their representatives† ( Divine 136 ) . Besides. they felt that the cast act was improper because Americans were non represented in parliament. But still. the British went behind their ain jurisprudence which is â€Å"no revenue enhancement without representation† ( Divine 132 ) and still taxed the settlements anyhow. In return. the settlers imposed a voluntary boycott of British goods until parliament repealed the cast act. So. it was obvious so. that the British were non handling the Americans every bit like their ain citizens in England. So I think that it was these inequalities that besides lead to the determination to declare independency from the British regulation. In add-on. the â€Å"Townshend Acts came and it besides taxed glass. paper. tea and lead. † ( Divine 140 ) Therefore. the settlements refused to pay. In fact. it didn’t seem logical so that the settlements were regulated and revenue enhancement by a authorities from so far off. Finally. the Americans realized that the lone manner for them to retain their rights was to hold political freedom from England. So they wanted independency from England. But unluckily. the British strongly opposed allowing the Americans be free. Therefore. it created many struggles between the Americans and the British particularly the soldi ers. Indeed. all of these struggles led to the radical war. Finally. when America decided to declare its independency and travel to war. it was a mark of extremist action. Britain’s ground forces was bigger and consisted of good trained and experient soldiers. Americans. on the other manus. had soldiers who were ill trained and equipped. But that didn’t halt them. They were determined to travel to war anyhow in order to alter the regulation of the state. As a consequence they were able to interrupt away from British regulation. Therefore the radical war had a greater impact on the settlements and involved more than their independency. A new position of authorities was created that the universe had non seen earlier. Democracy for the first clip was implemented in a authorities and its authorization was based on single rights instead than from a male monarch or church. Furthermore. the revolution changed the American society in some ways. For case. after the war the American people denounced such English rubrics like esquire from the names of affluent people. They besides lower the sum of land that they needed in order to vote. Even though the American Revolution brought some alteration. other things were still the same. For case. the distribution of wealth in America was still uneven Thus. â€Å"the sudden accretion of big lucks by new households made other Americans sensitive to blue display† ( Divine 163 ) Furthermore. adult females were non let to vote and it took a long clip for some slaves to be free or to be treated as peers. Thus the revolution did non convey about a large alteration of American society. at least non in the short term. But. â€Å"republicans such as Samuel Adams and Thomas Jefferson raised issues of huge significance for the ulterior history of the United States. They felt that equality was indispensable. â€Å"Even though they failed to get rid of bondage. institute cosmopolitan manhood right to vote. or use equality to adult females. they articulated a set of premises about people’s rights and autonomies that challenge future coevalss of Americans. † ( Divine 168 ) Mention: America yesteryear and present. volume I. Divine Breen and Fredrickson Williams. right of first publication 2002 hypertext transfer protocol: //encyclopedia. thefreedictionary. com/American % 20Revolution hypertext transfer protocol: //www. kusd. edu/schools/lance/platinum/banaszynski/revolution/patriot_links_2003/taxes_taxes_taxes. hypertext markup language

Managing for the future Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Managing for the future - Assignment Example The analysis of the performance then focuses on how the company has performed in these three factors. Finally scenario development is done and the management initiative that needs to be taken for the success of the organization in future has been recommended. Company Overview Marks and Spencer (M&S) has been operating in the retail industry for last 129 years and has transformed itself from a single market stall to a multi-channel retailer who has international presence. The company is operating in more than 50 territories with employee strength of 82,000 people. They stand on the pillars of trust, innovation, value, service, quality and works hard to ensure that that they sustain in the market by continuing to offer value relevant to the customers. They are shifting their focus from United Kingdom and diversifying their product range, location and channels in order to broaden their focus towards the international market. The turnover of the company from the market of UK comes from g eneral merchandises (46%) and food (54%). They offer great value, high quality, stylish clothing and home products. Beside this they also offer quality food that is sourced from several suppliers present all around the world. In UK they have around 766 stores facilitated with flourishing e-commerce business. In UK they are the market leader in menswear, women’s wear and lingerie section. ... In order to make these initiatives successful the company has engaged their customer, suppliers and employees (Marks and Spencer plc, 2013a). Company’s History from 2007 to 2013 M&S aims to place itself as a multi-channel retailer that is truly international and making them accessible to more and more customers present around the world. The company has implemented wide range of activities and claims to make progress and extract benefits from them. One of the most significant initiatives that the company has taken is the design of Plan A. Through this plan M&S aims to make the operation of Republic of Ireland and UK carbon neutral, broaden sustainable sourcing, no waste is send to the land fill, set standards for ethical trading and help the people to move towards healthy lifestyle (Marks and Spencer plc, 2007). This plan creates an impact on the corporate social responsibility (CSR), environmental issues and sustainability. Following is the overview of what the company has don e in these past seven years. 2007 In this year M&S plans to initiate a five year, 100 point, ?200 million ‘eco-plan’ that touches every part of the company and transforms the way in which they conduct business. This plan aims towards â€Å"doing the right thing†. The company initially started with 100 commitments which were later extended to 180 commitments. This plan is made to work in collaboration with the suppliers and the customers who look towards combating with the climatic changes, trade ethically, use raw materials that are sustainable, reduce waste and encourage the customers to lead a healthy lifestyle (Marks and Spencer plc, 2013b). This

SERVQUAL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SERVQUAL - Essay Example ortance of customer satisfaction due to the globalize competition which has increased the strategic necessity of customer satisfaction along with quality and loyalty eventually. This helps greatly in achieving better customers and people who would further promote the business. By adopting quantitative method to research study, the researcher aims to identify the gap between customers’ expectations and customers’ perceptions towards Al-Khalij Bank’s services. The selected sample consists of 15 respondents. The results reflects that the customers are somewhat satisfied with the services they receive at Al-Khalij Bank. The basic aim of management of any business is to ensure that their customers are satisfied from the products and services they purchase. Businesses formulate strategies that can achieve customers’ loyalty to the brand and its products upon attaining customers’ satisfaction. Businesses focus on influencing consumer behavior through effective marketing and quality products and services, which help them to meet customers’ expectations. It was not long time ago that customers’ satisfaction was not considered as an important factor to have an impact on the organization’s performance. Strategists and business managers failed to understand the fact that greater customer satisfaction would eventually lead to greater profitability (Olorunniwo, Hsu and Udo). Moreover, the absence of quality competition within industries also deprived businesses to achieve customer satisfaction. This was mainly because customers had few alternatives to fulfill their demand f or a product or service. However, in present times, the scenario has quite changed as there is a defined importance of customer satisfaction due to the globalize competition, which has increased the strategic necessity of customer satisfaction along with quality and loyalty eventually. This helps greatly in achieving better customers and people who would promote the business further

Work life Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Work life - Research Paper Example On the other hand, an organization is capable of attracting and retaining new employees due to this attractive policy. According to Harris (2007, p.33), many organizations are interested in retaining productive employees; therefore, they offer various programs that allow them balance between their work life and their families. In addition, such organizations feel that work life initiatives foster employees’ commitment thus enhancing productivity. However, the challenge with the work life programs such as flextime is ensuring that employees use their freedom responsibly. Therefore, supervision and training programs are necessary in ensuring flextime is well managed. Harris (2007, p.34) insists on the importance of work-life initiatives both on the employees and on company, however, he opposes on strict supervision that companies apply on the employees under such programs. He emphasizes on applying listening skills while dealing with employees, and giving them control over their flextime; this strategy improves the employees’ accountability. Nevertheless, for work-life initiatives to be effective, they should work for both the employers and the employees. Harris adds that flexibility amounts to accountability, especially in modern organizations, while flextime programs enhance loyalty in employees, as well as job satisfaction. IBM is one such company that has introduced the flextime program; the company attests to the effectiveness of flextime as one of the reasons why it manages to retain its employees (Harris, 2007, p.36). Flextime is most valued by working women, since they are the homemakers and engage in numerous domestic responsibilities; therefore, retaining such women can be difficult unless favorable programs such as flextime are available. Some types of flextime programs may include telecommuting, which allows employees to work from some hours at home using a

Health promotion within the midwifery profession

Health promotion within the midwifery profession This essay will focus on smoking and diet in relation to health promotion within the midwifery profession. Smoking and diet are two main areas of health promotion, which are addressed within the role of the midwife. Smoking and types of diet are both choices which women choose to make, both of which can affect their own health and the health of their child. Smoking is known to have negative effects on pregnancy. There have been many recent public health campaigns which encourage smoking cessation; the reasons for this will be discussed in relation to maternal and fetal heatlh. Diet is an extensive topic and an unhealthy diet can affect pregnancy in various ways. The subtopics of vitamin deficiencies and obesity will be discussed as they are both relevant to todays population of women within the UK. It is a midwives role to promote a healthy diet and lifestyle; as set out by The Royal College of Midwives, and the Nursing and Midwifery council, whom provide rules, regulations and standards which midwives must adhere to when practicing. Evidence based guidelines are also set out by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists to improve the way in which midwives practice. Both rules and guidelines aim to provide training which enable midwives to promote a healthy diet and lifestyle to optimise the health of the woman and her developing fetus prior to and during pregnancy. Being healthy means different things to different people. There are many different definitions of health. The medical model, now common in the 20th century, defines health as being the absence of illness and presence of a good bodily function. However, this definition does not take into account social or mental factors and focuses on treatment rather than prevention which may be considered as reductionist and negative (Scriven 2010). Whereas a holistic definition, by The World Health Organisation (1948), states that health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Even though the holistic model may be praised for acknowledging that mental and social factors effect health, WHOs definition has been heavily criticised for being too idealistic and would consider many people unhealthy (Scriven 2010). In relation to midwifery it is important to promote health, as a healthy diet and lifestyle prior to and during pregnan cy improves the chances of a successful pregnancy. It is a midwives role to promote health and wellbeing of women and their babies (NMC, 2008). Health promotion, as described by Scriven (2010), is said to be improving, advancing, supporting, encouraging and placing health higher on personal and public agendas. Midwives use health promotion models and approaches to enable a common value to be made clear; allowing all team members to work towards the same goal. As a result, effective communication between midwives is more likely, and therefore the quality of health promotion given to women is improved (Bowden 2006). Commonly, Tannahills model of health promotion, developed by Downie et al (1996), lends itself well to midwifery practice. The model mainly focuses on health education, health protection and preventing ill-health. These three main topics overlap; in which health promoting activities may fall. Child vaccination programmes implemented by the NHS is an example of health protection overlapping with ill-health prevention that oc curs in practice (Bowden 2006).This example emphasises the positive feature of the model; being able to carry out both objectives of improving health and preventing disease (Sykes 2007). The educational approach is often used within this model whereby the midwife gives facts and information to the women who may then choose to act on the information given, or not (Bowden 2006). Similarly, the behaviour change approach is commonly used in midwifery when encouraging women to change her attitudes or beliefs to adopt a healthier lifestyle (Bowden 2006). There are many health promotions approaches and models. However, no specific model is relevant to every woman. Each woman will have individual needs and therefore requires an individual assessment in relation to health promotion. Recently smoking has been the centre of health promotion. It is generally accepted that smoking in pregnancy has detrimental effects on fetal growth. Conter et al (1995) found that women who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy were more likely to have a baby with a lower birth weight than babies born to women who did not smoke during pregnancy. Carbon monoxide, inhaled in cigarette smoke, combines more readily with haemoglobin than oxygen (Sherwood, 2006). As a result, the maternal blood supplies less oxygen to the fetus for growth and development; often resulting in low-birth-weight babies. Lumley et al (2009) undertook a systematic review and concluded that methods which encourage women to quit smoking while pregnant reduce the amount of women who continue to smoke in late pregnancy, as well as reducing low birth weights and pre-term birth. However, some women may argue that it is desirable to have a smaller baby as they assume labour will be shorter and less painful, and therefore will not stop smoking. The midwife must explain that this is untrue and there are serious health implications to herself and her child. It is well-known that babies born with a low-birth weight are more likely to die in their first year of life, or require special educational needs during childhood (RCM 2003). Maternal smoking is thought to increase the risk of miscarriage. Abnormal placentation is a cause of spontaneous abortion of which is linked to increased blood pressure; an adverse effect of smoking (Stables and Rankin, 2010). However, research findings are inconclusive. Similarly, maternal smoking is known to increase the likelihood of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Blair et al (1996) found that the risk of sudden infant death rose with maternal smoking. Postnatal infant exposure to tobacco smoke was also seen to increase the likelihood of SIDS. It can therefore be concluded that antenatal care that encourages smoking cessation during pregnancy and reduces exposure to tobacco smoke in the postnatal environment may help to reduce stillbirths and infant deaths. However, the link between smoking and SIDS is not directional as the causes of SIDS are not yet known. Considering the possible consequences of smoking in pregnancy, it is important that midwives offer help and support to women and their families to encourage smoking cessation. NICE (2010) has recommended that midwives should breath test pregnant women for carbon monoxide levels at booking and antenatal appointments. However, this method may be unreliable as carbon monoxide levels fall quickly in expired breath, and therefore is likely to fail to observe carbon monoxide levels associated with low-levels of smoking. Furthermore, such a test may be considered invasive as some women may not want to disclose their smoking status or. Many women may also feel discouraged to attend antenatal appointments in fear of being judged by the midwife if they have not, or do not want to quit smoking. This may prevent midwives from promoting health if they do not get to speak to, support and educate the women during their antenatal visits. Alternatively, all smoking pregnant women should be given guidance and referred to NHS Stop Smoking Services (NICE 2010). Such services are designed to provide evidence-based non-judgemental support to people who want to stop smoking. It is the responsibility of the midwife to refer women to another practitioner if their health or wellbeing would benefit from doing so (NMC 2008). This may include referral to an especially trained midwife to support pregnant women in stopping smoking. This may enable women to see the same midwife regularly, enabling a midwife-woman relationship to be formed. Therefore women may feel a greater level of support provided by the midwife; increasing the likelihood of smoking cessation. Yet a shortage of midwives may prevent this and instead become a barrier to the further improvement of effective health promotion and smoking cessation services. Successful smoking cessation not only involves educating pregnant women, but their families too. Ashford et al (2009) suggested that it is significantly important that a womans partner and family are well educated by health professionals about the effects of second hand smoke to maintain a smoke-free home to prevent postpartum relapse rates. It is the responsibility of the midwife to ensure that the pregnant woman and her family are aware of the psychological and physical effects of passive smoking. In response to this, a midwife may offer information to women and her family regarding nicotine replacement therapy to encourage cessation. Smoking cessation advice given with the provision of nicotine replacement therapy is a typical intervention in relation to the prevention health education domain of the Tannahill model (Sykes 2007). For most smokers motivation to stop smoking is key. Yet for many women and their partners the presence or planning of a pregnancy is sufficient motivation (Heggie 2006). However, in practice, the midwife may not only provide information about the health benefits of smoking cessation, but the social and financial too. Financial savings can be large and seen quickly, a possible appealing factor to stopping smoking. Socially, women may be able re-build relationships with non-smoking friends; a good source of support to prevent smoking relapse (Heggie 2006). Considering time constraints which often cause a barrier to effective health promotion by the midwife, discussions related to smoking may be brief or an information overload. The midwife may use visual aids such as leaflets, pictures and tables may improve the likelihood that the information is understood, hopefully improving the likelihood that the woman would choose to quit smoking. When encouraging women to quit smoking, the midwi fe commonly uses educational and behaviour-change models, to inform and encourage women to improve their lifestyle for the benefit of her own and the health of her baby. It is equally important that midwives provide pregnant women with information on diet and nutrition as well as smoking in relation to promoting health. It is essential that a pregnant woman has a good nutritional intake, prior to conception and during pregnancy as the developing fetus requires basic nutritional substances for the development of vital structures and systems (Stables and Rankin, 2010). It is generally advised that pregnant women should consume a balanced diet, rich in fruit, vegetables, dairy and starchy carbohydrates. A poor nutritional intake can lead to deficiencies which can cause fetal deformities. An example of this is folic acid; a vitamin essential for the development of DNA and the nervous system. A deficiency of folic acid in early pregnancy can lead to neural tube defects such as spina bifida. During the first 4 weeks of pregnancy, the neural tube is developing, which is often before a woman realises she is pregnant. It would then be recommended to take folic acid as soon as possible, up until 12 weeks of pregnancy, as well as eating a range of foods rich in folic acid such as leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits and fortified cereals (Hunter et al, 2003). Similarly, vitamin D is also important during pregnancy. Women who are not regularly exposed to sunlight or do not eat fish nor dairy, may have a deficiency in vitamin D. Vitamin D assists with the absorption of calcium, essential for the formation of the developing bones and teeth of the fetus (Hunter et al, 2003). However, a randomised control trial conducted by Abdel-Aleem et al (2009) concluded that there are no noticeable effects on fetal or infant growth born to women who received calcium supplementation during pregnancy. Yet, it is difficult to generalise these findings to western cultures as participants were from eastern cultures such as India, South Africa and Vietnam. In contrast, women who over-eat are also at risk during pregnancy. Obesity is becoming an increasing problem for women within the UK. The NHS UK obesity statistics (2010) state that in 2008 25% of women aged 16 and aver were classed as obese. Pregnant women with a Body Mass Index of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤30 kg/m2 at the first antenatal consultation are considered obese (CMACE RCOG, 2010). In obesity, fatty deposits to build up within the arteries, causing blockages. This can cause hypertension, of which can increase the chances of preeclampsia; a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. OBrien et al (2003) found that the risk of preeclampsia doubled in women with a greater pre-pregnancy body mass index. In response to many findings suggesting that obesity has adverse effects on pregnancy, it may be concluded that pre-pregnancy healthy eating advice and weight loss programmes may be beneficial. Due to the extensive effects that diet can have on pregnancy, it is important that the midwife addresses the importance of a healthy diet to women in her care. It is essential that midwives consider a womans lifestyle in relation to her diet. Many women may have a busy lifestyle where they are unable to regularly exercise and prepare meals with fresh ingredients; possibly a contributing factor of obesity. The Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries and The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (2010) released guidelines in relation to the management of women with obesity in pregnancy. This allows specific guidelines for midwives to follow to provide extra support for women with obesity. Even though the guidelines focus on pregnant women with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2, the recommendations can be adapted for women whose body mass index is just below this obesity threshold if considered beneficial. The midwife should spend time during the booking interview to explaining the importance of specific nutrients in relation to her own and her babys health. NICE (2008) suggests that all pregnant women should be advised of the importance of folic acid supplementation prior to and during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. All women should also be informed about where to get folic acid, which foods contain folic acid, and the recommended daily dose of 400 micrograms per day to prevent less-educated women from not accessing the supplement. Supplementation of pre-pregnancy folic acid is an example of the prevention of ill-health and disease domain of the Tannahils model that occurs in practice (Bowden 2006). Also, it is important a midwife explains which foods should be avoided and why. However, women may choose not to eat nutrient-rich foods because they do not like them. In response, a midwife should provide information on practice alternatives and changes to encourage a healthier diet. Again, this is an example of the behaviour-change and educational models in practice. However, some suggestions may be costly, for example, increasing fruit and vegetable intake or extra nutritional supplements. Hence the midwife should have an up-to-date knowledge of financial benefits that pregnant women can claim, to prevent less economically advantaged women in from being disadvantaged. Again, time restraints may be a barrier to providing health related information to enable women to make informed choices about their diet. Therefore the midwives communication must be effective to ensure that women understand the information. It is part of a midwives role to communicate effectively (NMC 2008). More than one form of communication is more effective in increasing understanding, than only using one (Kerr et al, 2005). In practice, the midwife may therefore discuss a nutritional need then provide leaflets and web addresses with references so women can access further information to enable their informed choice. In addition, during booking, the midwife provides a free copy of the pregnancy book to every woman. The book aims to provide extra information and support for expectant mums and partners, Different aspects of pregnancy are explained to optimise the health and wellbeing of the mother and baby. NICE (2008) states that all pregnant women should receive information regarding the importance of their own and their babys health during the booking interview and antenatal appointments. Often this includes discussing the womans smoking status, diet and the environment which effects this. This includes assessing a women and her baby, providing up to date and accurate information in relation to their health, and if necessary referral to other health related services. The midwife is responsible for updating her own knowledge and skills to ensure that women receive the most up to date care and information. When delivering effective care, the midwife must ensure that she treats each woman as an individual, with respect, dignity, and kindness to enable women to trust her midwife with her health and wellbeing (NMC 2008). In conclusion, the midwife has a vital role in promoting health in relation to smoking and diet. Smoking and a poor diet during pregnancy can have serious adverse effects on the mother and baby. Often the main point of contact during pregnancy, the midwife provides essential information and support to women and her family with the health of the mother and baby at heart. By adhering to rules, standards and guidelines the midwife can ensure that the care provided is of the highest standard. Midwives understand that each woman is an individual and her needs are assessed on an individual basis, with a non-judgemental, caring nature. It is essential that a midwife fulfils her role in promoting a balanced, healthy diet and lifestyle prior to and during pregnancy to improve the chances of a successful pregnancy outcome. Word count: 2839

Chak De! India Essay -- Film Review

In Shimit Aman’s film Chak De! India, we examine the impact of India’s socio-political condition. In result, Aman’s film brings to light the political anxiety of post-colonial India. Furthermore, we are able to determine how the boundaries of Indian nation-states have an impact on the construction gender, sports, and space. Sports are dependent indicators of the socio-political atmosphere in India. It has become an emblem of Indian nationhood, dominated by males the practice of a national sports is the country’s symbol of the evolution of Indian modernity. Appadurai states, â€Å"The means of modernity contained in cricket require a confluence of lived interests where cricket producers and consumers can share the excitement of ‘Indiannes’ without its many divisive scars† (Appadurai, 179). Like Cricket, Field Hockey introduced to India by the British during the colonialism of the Indian empire. Thus, in the Indian context these sports produce an unexpected light on the relationship between nationhood and empire (Appadurai, 32). India has developed a collective identity of ‘Indianess’ through the vernacularization of these sports. The relationship between sports and politics is on the oldest pervading examples of the interaction of the institution and nationhood (Heitzman and Srinivas, 140). Sports become a lens in which the outsider can view the socio-political stratum. Within the beginning of the Film, the audience becomes aware of the importance of the Field Hockey match between India and Pakistan. Through this match, the space of Indian Muslim identity is hostile and prejudicial in the face of India. The match magnifies and politicizes the experience of the match while simultaneously being apart of a larger discourse of nationa... ...53). Furthermore, the Girls hockey team broke the gender stereotype by dominating a male domain, by performing bodily practices that ignore the differences of their nation-states. In one scene of the movie, when hockey officials decide not to send the girls team to Australia for the World Cup, the coach makes a deal in which the girls would challenge the men’s team in hopes of making it. The girls unite to put on a fierce match, and by competing in a male domain, they are rewarded with the opportunity to go play in the world cup. Moreover, they learned to reconcile religious discrimination for national sentiment through sports performance. In contrast to cricket, Appadurai states, â€Å"In the case of cricket in India, the key to the complex flows that linked cricket, class, and race in the colonial ecumene was the story of patronage and coaching in India†(Appdurai, 45).

Info Systems

Part I: True/False evaluation and Multiple-choice questions (0. 5 points/each question) 1. The overarching goal of information security is to ensure data integrity, availability, and confidentiality. 2. Managing security refers to a comprehensive set of activities that develop, implement, direct, and monitor the organization’s security strategy and activities. 3. The most expensive cybercrime are computer viruses. 4. Authentication is a means of providing proof of data transmission or receipt so that the occurrence of a transaction cannot later be refused. . The trend in computer security is toward policy-based management. 6. The core challenge of security management is ___________. a)Finding the right balance between shielding the organization’s main assets from potential harm b)Enabling staff to do their jobs c)Both a) and b) 7. Which of the following hacker tricks involves launching software that monitors all traffic looking for passwords or other valuable informatio n? a)Main-in-the middle b)Denial of service c)Trojan horse d)Network sniffing 8.Defining security policies and then managing and enforcing those policies via security management products and services is known as _______. a)Intrusion-based management b)Policy-based management c)Incident-based management 9. To protect against spoofing, firms need a way to ____________. a)Authenticate the identity of an individual b)Repudiate the identify of an individual c)Dispute the identity of an individual 10. To protect against hacking, companies install ___________ which controls access between networks. a)Virtual private systems b)Encryption c)Firewalls

Learning Language Through Structured Rules

Learning Language Through Structured Rules Free Online Research Papers In the language study, language is based on a set of structures or rules. These rules refer to the patterns of the language variety the child is learning. All language varieties rely on rules. Using the term â€Å"actively working out† we mean the structure or rules based in language, cannot be worked out simply by imitating individual utterances. An example of this is how a child who says â€Å"drinked† instead of â€Å"drank† is over applying the rule. These mistakes are normally known as virtuous errors. Noem Chomsky is a well known theorist. He focuses on the impoverished language input children receive. His theory is Innateness, meaning he believes a child’s brain contains special language learning mechanisms at birth. This means we have evolved a brain whose neural circuits contain linguistic information. Easily put, when a child hears speech the brain is able to interpret what she/he hears according to the structures it already knows. This is known as the language acquisition device (LAD). To back Chomsky’s theory up we can look into the evidence of the human anatomy. Our bodies have adapted, for our bodies to introduce speech we have evolved a vocal tract to produce a wide range of vocal sounds. There is also relevant evidence into the Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas of the brain. This relates to stroke victims as proof, where thy may suffer finding words an inerrability to use syntax depending on the location of the brain damage. However Skinner who is a theorist supporting the behaviourism theory believes children imitate adults. Their correct utterances are reinforced when they get what they want or are praised, while unsuccessful utterances are then forgotten. However there seem to be many objections to the behaviourism theory. There is evidence for a critical period for language acquisition relating back to Chomsky. The famous example is of a girl called genie discovered at the age of 13 years old that had been isolated and neglected from the outside world. Genie was very deprived and had no use of language. Her carers tried to teach her to speak. However she never became a fluent speaker. Another criticism of skinners approach was Chomsky argued that children have an innate ability to extract the rule underlying language from the words they hear, spoken around them. My final theorist I will refer to is Piaget, he believed in the cognitive theory where language is just one aspect of a child’s overall intellectual development. He argued that a child has to understand a concept before s/he can acquire the particular language from which expresses that concept. An example is seriation. There is a point where a child can compare objects due to size e.g. if you gave a child a number of sticks the child could arrange them in order of size. He suggested if a child had not passed this stage they could not learn comparative adjective such as â€Å"smaller† and â€Å"bigger†. Again Chomsky argues against this as Chomsky believes a child exposed to language acquisition will happen happen automatically. Research Papers on Learning Language Through Structured RulesComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyQuebec and CanadaHip-Hop is ArtMind Travel

Political Developments of Pakistan 1947-2006 Essays

Political Developments of Pakistan 1947-2006 Essays Political Developments of Pakistan 1947-2006 Essay Political Developments of Pakistan 1947-2006 Essay Pakistan came into being in 14th August, 1947 after a long struggle of the Muslims of the subcontinent under the platform of All India Muslim League. Since her birth Pakistan has been ruled by various leaders both civilian and military and has experienced different governing systems. This paper will discuss the 59 year developments of the country and the leaders who took part in these developments and the leaders who reacted to these developments. The paper will also identify the two most effective leaders of Pakistan.Early Post-Independence Period:The early post-independence period of Pakistan is marked by political instability and loss of leadership. The founder of the Nation and the first governor general Mohammad Ali Jinnah died a year later in September, 1948, but his firm standing for making Urdu the sole national language of the country has already sparked anger in East Pakistan. Liaqat Ali Khan his successor tried to draft a constitution but was assassinated in 1951.   Kwaj ah Nazimuddin became his successor while Gulam Muhammad became the governor-general. The Constitutional Assembly tried to balance the power by taking some executive powers from the governor-general, but the governor-general dissolved the assembly and two generals Iskander Mirza and Mohammad Ayub Khan were introduced in the prime minister’s cabinet.In 1955 Iskander Mirza replaced Ghulam Muhammad as governor-general. The new Prime Minister Chaudhry Mohammad Ali finally convinced the politicians to agree on the constitutional draft which was officially sanctioned in February, 1956. The same year Prime Minister Chaudhry Mohammad Ali was forced to resign when he lost majority in the assembly because of a revolt against him by his Muslim League parliamentarians. Suhrawardy then attained office as a successor of Mohammad Ali but soon President Iskander Mirza suspended the constitution and a dispute over the constitution forced Suhrawardy to resign.First Military Government:Dissatisf ied by the politicians and the working of the democracy in 1958 President Iskander Mirza announced the abolition of political parties and the abrogation of the constitution. He announced that the country is under martial law and General Mohammad Ayub Khan is the Chief Martial Law administrator. Later Ayub Khan assumed the post of prime minister while three generals were entitled for ministries in the cabinet. Among the 8 civilian members of the cabinet Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was also introduced for the first time. 20 days later the President was deposed in coup led by the Chief Martial Law administrator General Mohammad Ayub Khan and exiled to London, while Ayub Khan himself assumed the presidency. Martial Law remained sanctioned for almost two years after that Ayub Khan drafted a new constitution in 1962 and introduced basic democracy and local unit administration through out the country. The basic democrats elected him himself president. Ayub Khan did some remarkable reforms both eco nomical and social, which not only boosted the economy of the country but also helped in reshaping the future social structure of the country. Outlawing polygamy is one of these examples. Ayub Khan was the person who launched the skirmishes against India in order to take the Indian army in Kashmir under siege, which resulted in the 1965 Indo-Pakistan war. After the Ayub defeated Fatimah Jinnah in the elections but faced challenges in 1968. After an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate him he accused his former foreign minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of manipulating the plot. He also arrested Awami Leagues leader Mujibur Rahman. Amid widespread protest and strikes he resigned in March 1969. He transferred power to General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan who immediately imposed martial law and also assumed the post of president.The Civil War:In 1970 the general elections were held and surprisingly the Awami League led by Mujibur Rahman won by absolute majority in the East Pakistan gaining majori ty in the country as well while the Bhutto’s PPP won by majority in West Pakistan. Bhutto and Yahya refused to transfer power to Mujib and he subsequently demanded absolute autonomy. Yahya Khan used military force to restore order in East Pakistan which crushed the Bengalis brutally thus giving the Indian army a justification to intervene after a short interval of fighting the Pakistani forces in the East Pakistan surrendered to them.Yahya Khan resigned after the war and Bhutto became the Prime minister of the country. He introduced the third constitution of the nation in 1973. But his autocracies led to further disturbances and after the 1977 elections wide spread protest sparked through out the country accusing him of poll rigging. He was ousted in a military coup led by General Zia ul-Haq and was executed on allegation of murdering an opposition politician. Zia ul-Haq introduced several Islamic reforms in the country. Under his premiership the country played a pivotal role in afghan soviet war. He lifted martial law in 1985 and handpicked Mohammad Khan Junejo as the prime minister. In the later 80s ethnic violence erupted in the urban areas of Sindh and Zia is accused of using the ethnic sentiment in the region to reduce the popularity of PPP in Sindh. In 1988 he dissolved the assembly and proclaimed that the new elections will be held in November.Post Zia Democratic Rulers:But Zia was killed in a plane crash and in the new elections Benazir Bhutto the daughter of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto win with majority and assumed the office. She was ousted after governing for only 20 months and in the new elections Mohammad Nawaz Sharif succeeded her. But President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismissed him three years later with allegations of corruption and dissolved the assembly. Benazir won back again in the elections but she was again dismissed by her own elected president and in the 1997 elections Nawaz Sharif assumed the office with two third majority. With such power he made amendments in the constitution taking the power of the president to dismiss the government as well as he also forced an army chief and Supreme Court chief justice to resign. In response to Indian nuclear tests Nawaz Sharif also detonated Pakistani nuclear bombs. His attempt to depose the Army Chief in 1999 failed and General Musharaf ousted his regime and arrested him on charges of traison. He was later sent in exile to Saudia Arabia.Musharraf’s Regime:President Musharaf later assumed the post of president after winning in the nation wide referendum. He held elections in 2002 where his favorite PMLQ won majority and formed government. Jamali was elected Prime Minister but later the finance minister Shaukat Aziz took the post. Musharaf has taken several measures to curb violence and religious extremism throughout the country. His support to U.S. led war against terror has sparked anger among many of Pakistani religious people. He is still facing violence and trouble in W aziristan region.Ayub Khan and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto are the two most effective leaders of Pakistan as Ayub led the country’s economy to a boost while Bhutto drafted the current constitution of Pakistan and his political legacy is still one the most powerful political forces of the country.

Learning Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Learning Journal - Essay Example It helps us to build value oriented interpersonal relationship while applying innovative strategies to adept on demand of the circumstances. Such experience indeed has constructive role in an organization. Precisely, developing a willingness and ability to engage in self-reflection, is a critical leadership skill. The cult of leadership include using decision-making structures such as co-operative ventures, collegiality, consensus are the true traits of applied democracy. Leadership, a critical management skill, is the ability to motivate a group of people toward a common goal. Leadership is about behavior first, skills second. Good leaders are followed chiefly because people trust and respect them, rather than the skills they possess. Leadership relies on management skills too, but more so on qualities such as integrity, honesty, humility, courage, commitment, sincerity, passion, confidence, positivity, wisdom, determination, compassion and sensitivity. Today ethical leadership is more important than ever. The world is more transparent and connected than it has ever been. Media and the public scrutinize the actions and philosophies of organizations as never before. This coincides with massively increased awareness and interest among people everywhere in corporate responsibility. A constant growing leader plan carefully, with their people where appropriate, and work to achieve the set aims. At times, they may have to redefine or develop their own new aims and priorities. They need to set and agree clear standards. Further, they need to ensure look after people and that communications and relationships are good. Apart from self-growth every accomplished leaders select good people and help them to develop and always support people while they strive to improve and take on extra tasks. Good leadership principles must cascade down through the whole organization. This means that if leaders are leading a large organization they must check that the processes for managing, communicating and developing people are in place and working properly. Communication is critical that emphasis on to listen, consult, involve, and explain why as well as what needs to be done. LEADERS BUILDS THE TRUST OF CREDIBILITY James Macgregor Burns introduced a normative element known as an effective Burnsian leader will unite followers in a shared vision that will improve an organization and society. Burns calls leadership that delivers "true" value, integrity, and trust transformational leadership. Thus, transformational leadership requires an evaluation of quality, independent of the market demand that exhibits in the number of followers. If we seek one single most important behavior that will rapidly earn respect and trust among the people, then we need to give our people the credit for the achievements and successes. No good leader takes the credit himself. He must however take the blame and accept responsibility for any failings or mistakes that his people make. In any case, if there is failure, their failing is his responsibility - true

George Washington as a Military Leader Assignment

George Washington as a Military Leader - Assignment Example Nevertheless, his connections to the family of William Fairfax, wherein his half brother Lawrence had married, led him to be personally selected to lead a regiment of soldiers in what is now termed the French and Indian War1. Having first been appointed as surveyor of land for Culpepper County, his brother’s investment and involvement in the Ohio Company, Washington came to the attention of the newly appointed lieutenant-general of Virginia, Robert Dinwiddie. Washington’s brother Lawrence was also commander of the Virginia militia. The French and British were both laying claim to Ohio County, and in 1783 Dinwiddle sent Washington, now a Major, to deliver a letter to the French informing them of British interests and asking them to leave. This he did, and in the process also made friends with the Indian Chief ‘Half King’ Tanacharison. Together they planned to overthrow the French. In fact, Washington tried to ambush the French despite being inexperienced and outnumbered- he was only 17 at the time. However one of the French commanders Jumonville was killed by Tanacharison or one of his tribe in this attack, and the French lost no time in blaming Washington and capturing him and his party of followers. However, he was later allowed to go with his troops back to Virginia. Historians contend that this nevertheless showed Washington’s bravery, impetuousness, and initiative. The final impact of this episode was that it fueled tensions between both the French and British military powers and led to the Seven Years War (1754-1758). In 1755 Washington was appointed senior aide to the British General Braddock on the expedition to reclaim Ohio county and other territories. However, they were ambushed by the French and some Indian allies and had to retreat. Washington on this occasion had to assume overall command after Braddock was mortally wounded at the Battle of Monongahela, and dutifully led an orderly retreat. His exemplary command ev en in the face of defeat led Governor Dinwiddle to promote Washington to the rank of Colonel in the Virginia regiment and Commander of all forces raised by the British in defense of the colonies. Washington was thus given command of the first full-time American regiment of regular servicemen of 1000 troops. He was given the responsibility to defend Virginia against all opposing forces- and to act aggressively or defensively as he thought best. Washington was a strict disciplinarian and a tough commander- he led aggressive campaigns against the Indians that resulted in a loss of a third of his men in 20 battles waged in just 10 months. Nevertheless, his campaigns meant that Virginia could relax in relative comfort compared to the other counties. Historians unanimously agree that this was among Washington’s most unqualified successes2.